Environmental Exposure

Gamma Spectroscopy

Exposure Attributable to Natural Occuring Radioactive Material Natural exposures are excluded from Regulation, but these need to be assessed in order to evaluate if there is any significant risk involved, or if intervention is in any case justified to protect people against perceived risk; or to advise on the land management practices.

Exposures to natural sources are normally considered as chronic exposure and, if necessary, are subject to intervention.

Exposure situations requiring remedial action to reduce or avert chronic exposure include:

  • Natural exposure, such as exposure emanating from terrestrial, cosmic and internal radiation in homes and workplaces or;
  • Exposure to radioactive residue from the past.

The Authority has embarked upon a programme to establish the extent of natural exposure for the purpose of providing information on the need for action or intervention should this need be justified. This programme cover all inhabitable areas, with the first data collection initiated in Windhoek, Otjiwarongo, Tsumeb and some areas in the Uranium Province. The current focus of data collection is external radiation exposure due to gamma and radon with its progeny.

Gamma Spect

Alpha Spectroscopy

Alpha spectroscopy is used to identify and quantify radionuclides based on the alpha particles emitted in the decay process. Similar to Gamma Spectroscopy, energy spectra are generated with high precision alpha particle detectors and electronics and analyzed with special software. Typically, samples are measured following chemical separation to isolate the radionuclides of concern due to the complexity associated with correcting for these interferences with spectrum analysis software as is common for many Gamma Spectroscopy measurements.

Alpha Spectroscopy is a technique widely used in the following applications to name a few:

The Government has through the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme been able to secure two systems, one for the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources and another for the NRPA which are housed at NUST in order to serve a wider variety of users and the Nation at large. These system would allow for water analysis to be done for Regulatory purposes.